Nature and Nurture Influences on Child Development Essay

When it comes to child development there are two major influences. These influences are nature which are traits we inherit and nurture which are the traits we learn. Nature and nurture are different in several ways but they both play an important role in child development. Although they both influence development the topic of which has the greatest influence in frequently debated. This paper will describe the relationship between nature and nurture, explain the biological, environmental, societal, and cultural influences on child development in relation to nature and nurture, and discuss whether nature or nurture has the most influence on child development. Nature and nurture are different in several ways but share one similarity which is the fact that they both have an influence on child development. Both of them play an important role in how children develop as well as the type of people they will grow up to be. In the video â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture in Child Development† Shirael Pollack states that children are born with some traits and characteristics while they learn others (Pollack, S. n.d.). Nature is one(s) genes. The traits and characteristics that they inherit such as skin tone, eye color, and hair color. Nurture is what they are taught or what they learn from the people around them such as manners; learning to say â€Å"please† and â€Å"thank you†. Read more: Essay explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of personal factors. There are different influences on child development in relation to nature and nurture. These influences are biological, environmental, societal, and cultural. Nature is responsible for the biological influences. Biological influences are traits that are passed parents to their children. They  include appearance, talents, and abilities, and also certain illnesses (Groark, C., McCarthy, S. & Kirk, A., 2014). Nurture is responsible for environmental influences. These are things that are in a child(s) environment that they are exposed to or experience. Nurture can also be responsible for cultural and societal influences on child development which can be instilled subtly through natural interactions with others. The cultural and societal influences can be direct and indirect impacts of culture, race, and ethnicity as well as the powerful effects of economics, gender roles, marriage, divorce, single parenthood, and religion (Groark, C., McCarthy, S. & Kirk, A., 2014). No matter what type of influence there is on child development it is either related to nature or nurture. Some people believe that nature and nurture are partners because of the fact that they both play a role in child development. However, theorists have different views about the two. Some theorists believe that nature is ultimately responsible for growth while other theorists believe that children become whatever their environment shapes them into (McDevitt, 2010). Regardless of what the different views of theorists are on the topic of nature versus nurture, the fact of the matter is that both of them play a role in how children develop and have some type of impact on what and how they will be when they grow up. Both nature and nurture play important roles in child development. Regardless of if one has more of an influence than the other, the fact is that they both impact how children develop. Truth of the matter is that they are different but share one important factor which is the fact that they help make children who they are. This paper described the relationship between nature and nurture, explained the biological, environmental, societal, and cultural influences on child development in relation to nature and nurture, and also discussed which of the two influences is more influential than the other. References Groark, C., McCarthy, S. & Kirk, A. (2014). Early child development: From theory to practice. Bridgepoint Education: San Diego, CA. McDevitt, T.M. (2010). Nature and nurture: Retrieved from http://www.education.com/reference/article/nature-nurture/ Pollack, S. (n.d.). Nature vs. nurture in child development [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.howcast.com/videos/513307-Nature-vs-Nurture-Child-Development

MITI and the Japanese Miracle

The book â€Å"MITI and the Japanese Miracle† by Chalmers Johnson should be considered the classic of contemporary historical and economic studies because it significantly contributes the fields by examining and analyzing developmental states. In particular, Johnson discusses economic development strategies of East Asian country – Japan. Nowadays Japan’s economy is swiftly developing and in future Japan is very likely to achieve leading positions on the world scale. Therefore, the author decided to provide detailed overview of Japan economic development – how undeveloped country managed to improve economic positions and become very influential. I think that book is very informative and analytic because the author doesn’t tend to be dry and technical. Actually, the book is a well-written and coherent novel. The book highlights past details with new expressiveness. It is necessary to outline that Johnson depicts the discourse of Japanese economy in terms of mercantilism. Johnson states that the Japanese economy is labeled as mercantilist after anti-trade economies of Spain and Portugal have been attacked by Adam Smith. Thus, Johnson developed more exact political-economic model of capitalist development state. Japanese economy was characterized by suppression of consumption, supervision of domestic industries, and funneling savings into business development. Johnson provides overview of the history of MITI stressing that it is central to political and economic history of Japan.   He argues that mercantilism seemed to be vanished long before the economics took shape. In other words, mercantilism can’t be defined as operating economic theory as it was simply pragmatic adaptation. Mercantilism is claimed to anticipate and even to contradict market concepts and signals. The goal of mercantilism is to channel the resources to selected sectors pursuing the interests of elite groups and powerful figures. Apparently, mercantilism resulted in income discrimination. Johnson cites economists who state that mercantilism is nothing more than death of market efficiency. Market should be more efficient that the wisdom of the state, Johnson assumes. Also mercantilism affects resource allocation leading to rent-seeking distortions. So, mercantilism is associated to do harm rather than to provide benefits for economic development and national wealth. The author asserts that resource allocation shouldn’t be guided by the state because its role is to provide overall good and to respond adequately to market threats and opportunities. This kind of role is labeled as regulatory state. For example, Great Britain and the United States of America are regulatory state. According to Johnson, the task of regulatory state is to set rule aimed at governing competition, investment opportunities, pricing policies, entries and exits, and many other market functions. This process is called economic regulation. It is noted that economic regulation should establish a framework for market operation and should respond to problems and failures of market. Johnson examines Japan as developmental states and says that economic regulation in the country goes beyond the market maintenance. In developmental state the primary mission is to ensure long-term national welfare. The state is very likely to intervene actively into all economic and financial activities with the purpose of improving international competitiveness of the country. Japan is very bureaucratic state and economic and business readers don’t accept the strategies of laissez-faire, open markets, and free trade. Japanese leaders viewed the mentioned concepts as protection of economically powerful and influential exporters. Therefore, Japan’s strategy as developmental state is to reject the extant hierarchy of competitive advantage, as far as high return sectors would ensure high growth rates. However, such sectors aren’t associated with developing countries. Also there is no need for developing countries to rest with labor-intensive industries and agriculture. As Chalmers Johnson claims, these sectors should be with low growth prospect or, in other words, they should be low value-added. Developmental states should pay more attention to such strategy. Japanese government tends to utilize activist policies to promote and practice competitive advantage strategy. In this respect, developmental state is the result of neo-mercantilism and economic nationalism. Japan is also driven by such motive as the country refers to economic regulation to intensify and enhance technological development, as well as competitiveness of country’s leading industries, and capacity growth. Competitiveness is considered to be very essential for national economy. The abovementioned models don’t reject the role of the state in economic activities. Nevertheless, they are different as far as they provide different perspectives on resource allocation. Neoclassical economists stress state efficiency, whereas the point of neo-mercantilism is state effectiveness. The author argues that there is no empirical criterion how to judge which model is valid because each model is supported by evidence. Everything depends on the trends which are constantly changing. Johnson captured public attention and interest for its timing rather than for theoretical superiority. The author describes 1980s when economy has lost its effectiveness. Johnson writes that the United States also failed to compete decently both at the world and domestic markets. In that period the economies of developed and developing countries weren’t on the peak of success. In those days states were interested in comparative advantage and competitiveness. Johnson claims both competitive advantage and competitiveness are rather effectiveness rather than efficiency. If economy is efficient, it may perform effectively at world and domestic markets. Japan was   a teacher rather than formidable competitor. That is why the book catches attention. Johnson appeared to be the only writer who discussed Japan’s economy in such terms. In his book Johnson challenges neoclassical economic theory. References Johnson, Ch. (2003). MITI and the Japanese Miracle: the Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925-1975. Stanford: Stanford University Press.   

The Role of Audit Committee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

The Role of Audit Committee - Essay Example The audit committee's role is equally important in both the private and public sector. The effectiveness of the audit committee, the various flaws and inconsistencies in their functions and theoretical underpinnings are all considered along with examples of corporate collapses due to audit committee faults. Audit committees' role in the United Kingdom's Parliamentary system of government stems from the concept of apt management and responsible expenditures considering that taxpayers' money constitutes the capital that must be appropriated for public services (Hollingsworth, and White 1999). So, all disbursements must be within the constitutional provisions of the legislative system. Relatively, legislated protocols are in placed to ensure consistency, and to avoid corrupt practices that may lead to waste. In addition to the department of budget, the office of the commission on audit was created to oversee and assure legitimate expenditures and to avoid deficits as much as possible. Chances are high, that the members of the audit committee are certified public accountants and lawyers considering the nature of the role that the audit committee plays in the configuration of appropriate budget consistent with interpreted laws. As far as audit committee role in the Parliament is concerned, the U... The set of legal rules are contained in the Supply procedure documents. Normally, an annual audit report is submitted to the legislative body at the end of the fiscal year (Hollingsworth, and White 1999). In the preparation of an annual budget that will cover expenditures for the subsequent fiscal year, the bureaucracy's independent subdivisions perform three general standard functions: 1) set the budget allocation for the year; 2) rank expenditures according to importance; 3) at the release of an approved budget for disbursement, asses, evaluate, and audit the values of the supposed expenditures. Subsequently, after the documents are submitted to the executive department, the senior management will collate and prepare to support the tentative annual budget. This annual budget will then be submitted by the senior management to the parliament. The legislative body will deliberate on the budget extensively prior to endorsement. Consequently, whatever part of the budget appropriation is found substantive the legislative body will cast their ballot on it, making the same available for disbursement. 4) Finally, after all the funds appropriated were approved and disbursed according to the p lan, the accounting commission will issue a corresponding report which will be dully evaluated by the audit commission for proprietary considerations (Hollingsworth, and White 1999). However, the "constitutional analysis, especially by lawyers, has tended to underplay the significance of audit, especially the role of the Comptroller & Auditor General (Deloitte & Touche, 2009) and National Audit Office in the accountability of government" (Hollingsworth, and White 1999). Audit Committee

Criminal Law 205 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Criminal Law 205 - Essay Example Thus, the defence behind the organised crime practice has played a significant role in enlightening the people about the crime that is in the streets. It has also been the avenue to reducing the crime by bringing to light the criminals that caught in the act and put them behind bars. In this regard, it is important to appreciate RICO and thus maintain it within this firm even under minimal chance. The society today has an outcry due to the constant increase of the organised crime. There are many cases of white collar crimes that are going on every new day. The main purpose for the defence teams in the legal firms is to ensure justice and eradicate such criminal activities in the society. Thus, is the role of RICO today in the legal firms. RICO defence practice pulls out the white collar crimes and the organised criminal activities that are affecting the well being of the nations. The RICO act was started so as to pin down all people involved in any organised crime. It was not to punish the defendants, but mainly to reduce the rate of the organised crimes in the society. RICO has since been used as a channel, to prosecute all people who violate federal regulations. Before RICO was started, there were many crimes that were not noted by the federal government. However, once RICO came into play, the number of crimes charged increase. Some of the white collar crimes noted includes the illegal drug usage and corruption amongst other white collar crimes. Through RICO, all the defendants found guilty get a sentence that equivalent tot he crime a person has committed. From the time RICO came into practice, the changes that have been made in the legal chambers are evident in the society. In the past, the federal government could not realize most of the white collar crimes that were taking place behind the scenes especially the criminal activities that were done in offices. All people practicing fraud and stealing public funds in

Toulmin analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Toulmin analysis - Assignment Example This is because the former keep the peroxide or whitening agent against the teeth for the longest duration of time (TTWK, 2009). Backing in the form of support for the warrant, are that: whiter teeth enhance the personality, help to establish a better image of oneself, improves one’s social life, and boosts confidence, all of which lead to a better quality of life. Qualifiers: Stains on the teeth occur as a result of drinking red wine, coffee and cola. However, they may be caused by other reasons as well such as the use of tobacco, improper brushing of teeth, or drinking tea. Therefore, the qualified claim is that the most significant causes, though perhaps not the only causes of staining of the teeth are: drinking red wine, coffee and cola. Interpreting the results using the Toulmin Analysis above, indicates that the overall effectiveness of the argument appears to be strong, with a structured support. The argument presented by the manufacturers of Smile Brite teeth whitener appears compelling regarding its high levels of convenience, effectiveness, and ultimate usefulness in improving overall quality of life. According to ADA (2009), recent research conducted by Cochrane collaboration reveals that home-use teeth whiteners have short-term effectiveness in whitening teeth, but further research is required on the long-term outcomes and side effects of their use. The Toulmin Analysis is a useful tool for researchers and writers, since the various parts of an argument: the claim, data/ support and warrants, and the qualifiers, rebuttals and backing for the warrants can be analysed and compared separately. The validity of each argument of other authors, as well as a thorough analysis of the writer’s own arguments results in a critical research study of a topic (Hitchcock & Verheij,

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Business Strategy - Essay Example The organization we have selected to compare with Kellogg is General Mills, a manufacturer and marketer of branded consumer foods. General Mills’ mission is nourishing lives. General Mills seeks to attain this mission through making lives healthier, easier and richer (General Mills, 2010). The organization makes lives healthier by continuously improving the health profile of its products. It makes lives easier with foods that are simple to prepare and it makes lives richer by making foods for special moments such as birthdays. Goals and objectives help an organization in controlling its plans and providing its staff with the direction to take for the organization to realize its mission and vision. General Mills has not clearly delineated its vision through a vision statement. However, this can be inferred from the organization’s mission and values statement. Likewise, we can use the values statement to point out General Mills’ goals. From the values statement G eneral Mills aims to assert its values everyday through its people, its brands, its innovation and its performance. These goals are: to ensure that its brands continue to win consumers trust around the world; to nurture diverse, talented, committed people who contribute to their communities; to continue developing and implementing innovative ideas that further build the company’s brands and business; and to continue delivering outstanding performance for its investors. According to Kotelnikov (2011) core competencies are the things that a company does better than its competitors in the critical, central areas of the organization where the most value is added to its products and/or services. For General Mills, its core competencies are in its intimate consumer knowledge and its innovation. These two competencies manifest themselves in in the mix of new products and improvements to existing products that General Mills is renowned. The company extends its legacy of learning ab out products, processes and unique disciplines; improving production efficiencies, elevate quality and reducing costs; and preserving precious institutional memory through its multiple schools such as Cereal School, Yogurt School and Packing School. 1.2 Explain the significance of stakeholder analysis, (especially for the selected organization) (P2) The topic of stakeholders is very popular and contested among theorists. There is quite an amount of contesting literature around which theorists try to update and replace. Freeman, the â€Å"father† of stakeholder theory has also given different definitions of whom or what constitutes a stakeholder. In 1984 Freeman defined stakeholders as â€Å"any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization objectives† while in 2004, Freeman defined stakeholders as â€Å"those groups who are vital to the survival and success of the corporation† (Fontaine, Haarman, & Schmid, 2006). The former definition (Freeman 1984) is preferred in academic circles because it is entirely organization orientated. This is the one we shall use in this discussion. General Mills’ mission is to nourish lives. Nourishing lives refers to nutrition, which as the cliche goes, â€Å"you are what you eat†, is the crux of human health. Furthermore, General Mills is also a Fortune 500 company, among the largest food companies in the world, with a presence in more than 100 countries on six continents. This inter-continental presence implies that General Mil

BUSINESS LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BUSINESS LAW - Essay Example Analyzing this movie from ethical perspective, it is clear that most of the crises were because of unacknowledged conflict of interest, arrogance, greed, lack of transparency and accountability, failed leadership and unethical conducts. These factors are some of the issues that fueled the industry to become out of control. According to the Inside Job, Ferguson clearly indicates the manner in which these practices caused the 2008 economic meltdown. While obviously everyone knows the conclusion of the unfolding occasions Ferguson depicts, his meetings with a number of the players in the emergency give extra knowledge into the bigger inquiry on the manner in which such a variety of brilliant individuals were included in a disappointment, so colossal failure that led to economic crisis. The film demonstrates the results when supposed capital is wrapped around the unyielding quest for a dogma, for this situation deregulation, with the goal that clashing information or restricting perspect ives are not permitted to impede. The many people from Ivy League commercial concerns divisions wielded a ton of force in the 30-year impetus for deregulation. They served as advisors to the business and were chosen for significant administrative or White House consultant positions. Ferguson brings up issues about the objectivity of those who were entitled with research, and in addition whether their trustworthiness was bargained by the issues of investment and tolerating expenses from Wall Street. For example, Scott Talbott, boss lobbyist for the Financial Services Roundtable, which campaigns for the main 100 banks, and Mastercard, fortification and monetary administrations, includes a huge number of the rescued banks. As noted in Ferguson’s inquiries, it clearly demonstrates there was satisfied with the impressive impact his group wielded in Congress since that is the manner of how

Policies and Politics - Patient Representing a Diagnosis Essay

Policies and Politics - Patient Representing a Diagnosis - Essay Example Having such a high annual number of new cases with young citizens is an indication that the role of educators is not achieving effective results. This paper will address the lack of effectiveness of the educators as a policy issue, identify stakeholders, highlight nursing’s political involvement and state the writer’s position on the issue. The writer chose the case of a patient representing a diagnosis because she cared for a newly diagnosed young citizen who claimed not to have been properly informed on lifestyle choices. The American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) provides persons with diabetes and their educators a representation at the state and federal governments, supporting activities relevant to the stakeholders and public policy relating to diabetes. However, according to the policy and advocacy goals they set up years ago, their impact is not as effective as may be desired: 1.9 million new cases in one year do not reflect success. Their goals included supporting initiatives that avoid more people developing diabetes; promoting education in diabetes and the educators’ role in healthcare; campaigning for policies that promote access to self-management training; and attaining reasonable reimbursement for educators. If the goals and the facilitating policies were well thought out, then the nation should have realized a significant drop in the number of new cases. The policies need to be updated. The process of moving a healthcare issue through policy-making, from a bill to an enactment, links health care to politics. This brings together several stakeholders who impact the decision making. They include elected officials, nurses, patients and special interest groups, all with varying perspectives of the situation, which are further diversified by the interests of the political parties.

ABC Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

ABC Company - Assignment Example As a result, a proper management of the organizational activities leads to higher competitive advantage. This paper focuses on the management of ABC Company, which is currently in a state of turmoil and poor financial condition. Moreover, the activities have eventually deviated from the organizational vision and the managers have adopted a myopic approach to achieve the short term financial goals. The paper covers all the activities needed to recover ABC Company from its poor and ill managed conditions. The organizational structure of ABC Company is vertical in nature, where information flows across the hierarchy via intermediates. The organization has been so structured that one level of hierarchy can directly communicate with only its immediately next level in the hierarchical ladder. This system allows each level to focus only in their allocated tasks and is only answerable to their immediate supervisors. Thus, it helps to increase the efficiency of the each department. The figure shown above portrays the organizational structure of ABC Company. The structure consists of four prominent levels of hierarchy and each level is allocated with a particular task which encompasses overseeing the personnel who are immediately below that level. The hierarchy begins with the CEO, who oversees the board of directors and participates in the board meetings. The major decisions proposed by the board of directors are first approved by the CEO before its implementation in the organization. The board of directors constitutes of the individuals with major stock holdings. This allows the boards to be heterogeneous and helps to avoid any biasness in decision making. The board of directors oversees a series of managers allocated to different departments. The managers are answerable to the board of directors for the departmental performances. Each manager is allocated with different teams, like HR Team, Finance Team, Marketing Team