How I Lost My First Job Critical Thinking Examples

It was one afternoon when I was alone in the shop alone. My boss was out of her office in a meeting within town and my colleagues were out to make deliveries to our distributors outside the town. It was just after high school and was working for Jewelry Company in my hometown. I was barely one month old in the company, and that day had been asked just to take of everything. In that afternoon, a customer walked in to the mall straight to our shop and asked for an engagement ring. Having surveyed the variety of rings in the shop, he selected one diamond ring that price tag had been defaced. He asked about its price. Enthusiastic to sell the ring, though not sure about its actual price, I quickly responded, â€Å"twelve thousand dollars.† The customer turned his face looked straight in to my eyes, as if to confirm if I was sure. Glancing back at him, I affirmed my confidence. The other range of the costs displayed on the shelf guided my advice. I went on to explain the features of the ring and how genuine it was, convincing him to buy the ring from us. He finally bought the ring, making me feel happy that I had made a great sale. As the customer left, my bossed immediately walked in. Curious to know what I had sold and how much I had sold it, she came straight to the counter and checked the receipt book. It later turned out that the diamond ring was marked up at twenty five thousand dollars. I could not explain myself, and for the first time in my life hated myself for making such an assumption. Three week later, I received a letter of dismissal quoting a ‘recent event’ a proof of my incompetence. The Standards of Critical Thinking: analysis of my decision Some people, if in a similar situation as I was in, could have chosen to do exactly as I did and committed the same mistake that I made. Being new and enthusiastic to build oneself a name in new work environment, one would hastily use any given opportunity at the expense of other interests of the business. The standards of critical thinking requires one to be accurate, precise, relevant, logical, fair, clear, and deep in thought and decisions making. The absence of any one of these standards weakens the critical thinking process and eventually resulting a poor decision making (Bassham, Irwin, Nardone, and Wallace 11). In my decision described above, which actually was founded on a serious assumption, the greatest barrier to critically thinking and decision making processes was lacking in accuracy, fairness, logic, clarity and depth. I assumed that because the diamond ring was removed from near others with price tags of twelve thousand dollar, the ring must cost the same. Even without involving efforts to confirm from colleagues, or my boss or in even in the neighboring shop I went ahead and sold the ring at half the price (Chaffee 52). I did not involve any critical thinking skill at all, and I ended up making a poor and a costly decision. At that moment, I felt great because of an imagined achievement. The decisions cost my first job leave a lone a loss of thirteen thousand dollars to the business in one day. This kind of situation happens every day to people. Many have at least at one point in time been victims of careless or weak decision making resulting from lack of critically thinking. Today I appreciate the doctrine of critical thinking. Works Cited: Bassham, Gregory, William Irwin, Henry Nardone, and James M Wallace. Critical thinking: A Student’s introduction. New York: McGraw-Hill International Edition, 2010 (1)   9-15 Chaffee, John. Thinking critically. Boston: Houghton, 2004 (6) 48-55 Gregory, Bassham. Critical Thinking: A Students Introduction.   New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004 (2) 524-530

Shanice Johnson Week 3 Civil Liberties Essay - 1135 Words

Associate Level Material Civil Liberties and Rights Timeline and Synopsis Instructions Complete the following timeline with entries that demonstrate the development of civil liberties and rights over time. In part two, write a brief essay of at least 350 words which discusses specific social movements and how they relate to the development of civil liberties and rights. Part One: Civil Liberties and Rights Timeline Complete the second column with brief descriptions of key decisions on civil liberties. Include which amendment from the Bill of Rights was used to support the decision and why. In the third column, complete the timeline with entries describing the historical development of civil rights in the United States. Time†¦show more content†¦20th century The Fourteenth Amendment was not included with the ten amendments of the Bill of Rights, but the Fourteenth Amendment is the amendment that applied in this case. This amendment states that no U.S. citizen should be denied equal protection of laws, nor should any person be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process. Brown v. Board of Education ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional and that students should be segregated. This decision was intended to allow an African-American student to attend a previously all-white school that was nearer to her home than the school she had been attending. 20th century The Fourteenth Amendment applied in this case as well. At this time, African-Americans were forced to sit at the rear of public transportation so that Caucasians could sit up near the front. 1956 Browder v. Gayle ruled that racial segregation on buses was illegal. 20th century Miranda Warnings reaffirmed the rights afforded by the Fifth and Sixth Amendments: all U.S. citizens have the right to remain silent so as not to incriminate themselves, as well as the right to due process in a court of law before a jury of their peers. 1966 Miranda v. Arizona ruled that anything said to police by a defendant could not be used against the defendant unless said defendant had been read the Miranda Warnings and had acknowledged that he or she understood and waived theseShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Crime Issues in Today’s Criminal Justice System18893 Words   |  76 Pagesinclude (1) a restructuring of the juvenile justice system in the face of growing concerns about violent juvenile crime and spreading youth gang warfare; (2) the increased bankruptcy of a war against N drugs whose promises seem increasingly hollow; (3) a growing recognition of America’s international role as both victim and purveyor of worldwide criminal activity; (4) the â€Å"war on terrorism,† including its substantial potential consequences for individual rights in America; and (5) the quickly unfolding

Vietnamese Culture Essay Sample free essay sample

Killing the Inner Insect Festival in Vietnam Vietnam has a rich civilization that has been shaped by many different civilisations throughout history. Through many long battles. the Vietnamese people have created their alone civilization. Thankss to these specialnesss. there are many national jubilations in Vietnam such as Vietnamese New Year. Mid-Autumn Festival. Huong Pagoda Event. Besides Vietnamese New Year. Killing the Inner Insect Festival is the 2nd most important jubilation of Vietnam. It is one of the most interesting jubilations in Vietnam because of its name particular. the myth behind it. and two traditional types of nutrient associated with it. First. the name of this festival has a particular significance. and its Vietnamese definition is besides interesting. Killing the Inner Insect Festival was called Tet Doan Ngo in Vietnamese. Literally. Tet refers to festival. Doan means the start. and Ngo is the 7th animate being of the Chinese zodiac – the Equus caballus. We will write a custom essay sample on Vietnamese Culture Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In add-on. it is known as Tet Giet Sau Bo – sau bo agencies plagues. and giet is kill. or Tet Thang 5 – to be celebrated on the fifth of the 5th lunar month. The name Tet Giet Sau Bo derives from the fact that husbandmans. on this twenty-four hours. acquire rid of all worms to get down turning their harvests for the new season. Furthermore. this is the midyear festival twelvemonth for the bar of disease to guard off evil liquors. Therefore. on this juncture. the whole household must wake up early and eat fermented gluey rice and fruits. The worshipping is held at midday. hr of Ngo – 12. 00p. m. and so the household has tiffin. In short. this celebration shows non merely its exceptional name but besides a deep significance. Second. this astonishing jubilation starts with senior females reciting the fabricated narrative of two serpents – Thanh Xa and Bach Xa. A long clip ago. in a little small town had two orphan brothers who were well-known among the locals because of their intelligence and kindness. There were two serpents that lived with the brothers in their house. After a long clip life. the serpents fell in love with them. and so Thanh Xa and Bach Xa transformed themselves into beautiful misss to capture the work forces ; hence. the brothers shortly were attracted to them. As a consequence. they decided to get married ; Thanh Xa married the older brother. and Bach Xa wedded the younger one. Day by twenty-four hours. the work forces grew unhealthy. they were scared of daytime and lived in maturating darkness. and their neighbour realized their lives were at hazards. so they told a Taoism anchorite. He made some spirit type trials and confirmed that the men’s house had a instance of the immoralities. After that. he brewed a wine potion. which was called the fermented gluey rice. and gave it to them to eat in the early forenoon of the 5th twenty-four hours harmonizing to lunar calendar. Equally shortly as the brothers had it with their breakfast. their married womans were revealed as the serpents they were. so the brothers were free. Since that twenty-four hours. Vietnamese people have eaten the fermented gluey rice on Killing the Insect Day. in the hope driving off bad liquors. In brief. this folk narrative helps Vietnamese how to keep ether and avoid bad things now and so. Finally. the two unreplaceable dishes to be eaten on this vacation are banh u and com ruou. Banh U is a pyramidic gluey rice bar which is wrapped by a banana foliage. It makes of gluey rice. bean. meat. and coconut. making its dominant spirit. The most necessary nutrient is com ruou which literally translates as rice vino. The procedure of doing com ruou is non rather complicated but clip consuming. At first. the rice is steamed twice for about 30 proceedingss and would be left for a piece to acquire cool. After that. it is assorted with barm. leting it to ferment for two or three yearss. depending on the conditions. This peculiar dish brings a strong and delightful gustatory sensation. To sum up. in the Vietnamese traditional construct. these sorts of nutrient can kill any parasites in the organic structure. and Vietnamese people largely like eating the fermented gluey rice and banh U. In decision. Killing the Inner Insect Festival expresses one of the portion of the Vietnamese tradition and civilization up to now. This juncture plays a important function in every Vietnamese life for practical and holy significance. Enjoying the ambiance of Doan Ngo Festival. people will acquire to cognize more about value and spirit of V ietnamese civilization.

Plan or Review Administration Systems

Question: Discuss about the Plan or Review Administration Systems. Answer: Introduction This study is the plan or review for modification of the office application software to the current version in the BizOps Enterprise situated in Australia. This paper includes the performance results, knowledge, and skills needed to review or plan the needs of an effective administration frameworks and processes for implementing, reviewing and monitoring the system.This study is applied to the people employed in the range of workplaces who are needed to review or plan administrative frameworks. They might be a senior administrative employee or might have been appointed responsibility regarding reviewing or planning administrative frameworks. Implementation plan for the administration system modification The administration is the general term utilized by different businesses to depict the tasks required in the administration, recording and observing of the different business activities, information as well as performance. The frameworks and procedures used to help with all of these tasks are named as an administrative framework and this complex system required to be planned or reviewed. Context of upgrade BizOps Enterprises presently has about 150 stores in all over Australia, seven distribution center offices along with the head office. Within BizOps from the present asset register as well as from software permit assertions, there are about 780 PCs that will need this office application software upgrade. BizOps organization is utilizing an open source software of office suite named as OpenOffice. Like an open source stage, it has very low buy cost for BizOps organization. Even so, this is balanced by the higher expense of preparing staff to utilize it, the same number of organization's new staff are just acquainted with the restrictive office application software. The upgrade plan or review will require performing every task which BizOps is as of now performing with a present office suite framework as well as likewise address organizations future requirements (Anon, 2016). Any type of upgrade will mostly include an adjustment in a UI and in the inclusion of extra features. Consequent ly, there it is necessary to give support and training as BizOps move to fresh software. BizOps frameworks information shows that each client utilizes the present office suite for the access of emails. Word preparing is utilized by roughly Thirty percent of clients, spreadsheets by Fifteen percent of clients, database passage by Eight percent of clients as well as presentation programming by Four percent of clients (Chen, 2014). Overall plan of action for an implementation Implementation Plan which BizOps Enterprise use: Identify as well as develop implementation plan of actions in a group discussion with employees. Encourage employees to take part in all phases of the implementation procedure. Implement framework as per authoritative necessities. Define and convey methods for utilizing the framework to the employee. Provide support and training for an employee on the utilization of the modified or the new framework. Deal with possibilities to guarantee negligible effect on clients. Stages of implementation There are various ways BizOps organization can implement: Via a time period for testing in which an area of the association takes an interest; challenges are recognized and redressed at this phase before complete implementation. By phasing inside the new framework an area at once until the entire enterprise is connected (Hagermoser Sanetti, Luiselli, and Handler, 2007). Following steps of implementation BizOps organization required: Prepare the infrastructure, including hardware, software, communications, and facilities. Organize key stakeholders. BizOps organization is completely answerable for the implementation and supply of the framework are scheduled and notified for the individualistic project tasks. Apply training for beginning clients. Utilize feedback to alter training for every client. Install the fresh framework on a testing server and desktop, and so forth. Make sure that each and every machine talk to each other and retrieval or storage methods work adequately during the information change test. Execute final confirmation against hierarchical as well as developer benchmarks. Implement the fresh procedures and processes. Reveal the preparation along with access for all clients (Haslett, 2010). Monitor and give a report of the framework. Make adjustments as vital and guarantee hierarchical effect is minimized. Tools utilized to monitor implementation Now when the BizOps' framework is set up, common individuals who utilize BizOpss enterprise products experience the inescapable frameworks bugs which have been found therefore there is a need to monitor all kind of bugs in the office software suite and in the latest or new application office software all types of bugs are monitored and managed at the time of implementation plan or review. A few issues take a while to appear at the time of implementation. Some issue arises because of the correct conditions for a specific bug failure may not exist frequently. Monitor employees, employees training is required and the organization has to prepare new staff on the administrative system of the organization. Regularly, new frameworks require new preparing. Pretty much as frequently, insufficient preparing is given. Re-instructional meetings, when association sees that staff individuals are battling with the new framework, are profoundly valuable. Different times, it is helpful to give altern ate routes and "clues" on the most proficient method to get more out of the framework (Zhang and Zhang, 2014). An ideal approach to make this preparation material is by video recording tools the instructional course for association's current staff. At the point when BizOps do this, make sure that administrators mike the speaker; don't depend on the mouthpiece introduced in the camera. That won't give quality sound. PCs are used for Data Storage early business PCs were utilized for straightforward operations, for example, following deals or finance information, with little detail and structure. After some time, these PC applications turned out to be more unpredictable, equipment stockpiling limits developed, and advances enhanced for associating beforehand segregated applications. Available resources, supervisors, expertise constrain all are required tools for implementation (Kapur, Kapoor, and Kapoor, 2011). Evaluating the Implementation Picking the right technique for the execution of fresh and changed administrative framework requires cautious thought of the circumstance, environment, key partners, and impacts. If the investigation of the accessible confirmation has prompted to the choice to actualize a change, then trust in that choice must stay solid or hazard disappointment at this basic stage. Evaluation of implementation plan for enhancing the office application software to latest version needs a precise examination of the framework interface with the target of finding the ease of use issues. Evaluation of the quotes must agree to hierarchical approaches and strategies. A great part of the framework administration is about guaranteeing that BizOps enterprise is accomplishing its goals, and along with the BizOps' ought to precisely assess the reason for its authoritative framework to guarantee that it meets the targets of the association (Lakner and Mullen-Schultz, 2007). Ensure that the framework will help wit h meeting the required target. For instance, if the framework is being produced to record as well as help with client benefit inside association, take a look at clients benefit destinations set for an enterprise, and guarantee that the sorts of data that it accumulates will help with measuring those specific goals. Encouraging employees to take part in an implementation procedure Better absorption of new changes. Two elements of Evaluation: Strategic Performance and System Performance Strategic Performance: Did BizOps Enterprises strategy and the implementation of their plan of action work as planned? Did BizOps Enterprise yield the awaited outcomes? (Tunowski, 2015) System Performance: How effective and complete the structure of BizOps Enterprises office application software framework? How effectively the BizOps organization adjusted around the procedure? How is procedure communicated? Contingencies planning During a hazard investigation of the upcoming execution of the new office application programming suite, the venture administrator of BizOps Enterprise, distinguishes two high-chance occasions that need contingency courses of action. The most noteworthy are the expense blow-out because of an overall deficiency of a particular segment (Nurmandi and Purnomo, 2011). Chief plans include pre-acquiring the component at a higher rate so as to keep away from the likelihood of delays and significantly bigger expense blow-out if the product is not accessible during the execution. As the venture unfolds, administrator surveys the provider's first receipt and notify that the parts are excluded (Simonet, 2016). To manage the circumstance, project manager quickly calls the provider. When project manager finds that the segment is as of now on delay manager understands his underlying arrangement has not diminished the hazard. Extend supervisor counsels the administrator and the provider to search fo r an option and winds up picking the other segment that still addresses the organization's issues (Schmid, 2010). User feedback integrated in the procedure Client attitudes are inspected and criticism or feedback is given to enhance the effectiveness of system utilize. Templates are tried, hierarchical and client input is acquired and alterations are made as guarantee most extreme effectiveness and nature of presentation. Feedback is given to colleagues to support, esteem as well as reward individual along with collaborations and commitments The plan or review is balanced in response to criticism or feedback from the key partners and spread for implementation inside the needed time span. Feedback systems and procedures are resolved to gauge client loyalty with the site as well as the business and permit assessment of the site as a promoting device (Shrestha and Aranya, 2015). Conclusion This study concludes that a regular administrative system of BizOps organization comprises of reliant parts or components that communicate with one another and with different frameworks. Such a convoluted framework of BizOps Enterprise should be consistently checked and audited to guarantee it works easily and make sure that it meets the association's and clients' necessities. Regularly, the administration will direct a feasibility study to distinguish the organization's present work practices as well as tasks and its future destinations, to perceive how the BizOps association could profit by having enhanced or a new framework. The successful regulatory framework should be precise, solid and pertinent, and empower the association to meet its time spans, induce certainty and keep up quality models. References Anon, (2016).BizOps Enterprises vision, mission and values statement. [online] Available at: https://aspire-bizops-docs.s3.amazonaws.com/info/vision-mission-values.pdf [Accessed 15 Nov. 2016]. Chen, K. (2014). The Design and Implementation of Educational Administration System.AMR, 971-973, pp.2667-2670. Hagermoser Sanetti, L., Luiselli, J. and Handler, M. (2007). Effects of Verbal and Graphic Performance Feedback on Behavior Support Plan Implementation in a Public Elementary School.Behavior Modification, 31(4), pp.454-465. Haslett, T. (2010). Using System Dynamics to Develop Organizational Learning Process; the Neighbourhood Justice Centre in Yarra.International Journal for Court Administration, 3(1), p.13. Kapur, P., Kapoor, R. and Kapoor, S. (2011). SU-E-T-26: Automated Plan Evaluation System: Design and Implementation.Medical Physics, 38(6), p.3491. Lakner, G. and Mullen-Schultz, G. (2007).IBM system Blue Gene solution. 1st ed. [Armonk, N.Y.?]: IBM, International Technical Support Organization. Nurmandi, A. and Purnomo, E. (2011). Making the Strategic Plan Work in Local Government: a Case Study of Strategic Plan Implementation in Yogyakarta Special Province (YSP).International Review of Public Administration, 16(2), pp.143-164. Schmid, A., Andersen, J., Kent, T., Williams, L. and Damush, T. (2010). Using intervention mapping to develop and adapt a secondary stroke prevention program in Veterans Health Administration medical centers.Implementation Science, 5(1). Shrestha, P. and Aranya, R. (2015). Claiming Invited and Invented Spaces: Contingencies for Insurgent Planning Practices.International Planning Studies, 20(4), pp.424-443. Simonet, D. (2016). Reforming the French health-care system: the quest for accountability.International Review of Administrative Sciences. Tunowski, R. (2015). Organization Effectiveness and Business Intelligence Systems. Literature Review.MBA.CE, 23(4), pp.55-73. Zhang, J. and Zhang, B. (2014). The Application of Computer Software Microsoft Office Word in Sports Drawings.AMM, 513-517, pp.2253-2256.

Every Kth Element In A List Is Chosen For Inclusion In The Sample In Essay Example

Every Kth Element In A List Is Chosen For Inclusion In The Sample In Essay Research is defined as the creation of new knowledge and/or the use of existing knowledge in a new and creative way so as to generate new concepts, methodologies and understandings. This could include synthesis and analysis of previous research to the extent that it leads to new and creative outcomes.This definition of research is consistent with a broad notion of research and experimental development (Ramp;D) as comprising of creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications (OECD definition). This definition of research encompasses pure and strategic basic research, applied research and experimental development.Applied research is original investigation undertaken to acquire new knowledge but directed towards a specific, practical aim or objective (including a client-driven purpose). Research is an ORGANIZED and SYSTEMATIC way of FINDING ANSWERS to QUESTIONS. | | SYSTEMATIC because there is a definite set of procedures and steps which you will follow. There are certain things in the research process which are always done in order to get the most accurate results. ORGANIZED in that there is a structure or method in going about doing research. It is a planned procedure, not a spontaneous one. It is focused and limited to a specific scope.FINDING ANSWERS is the end of all research. Whether it is the answer to a hypothesis or even a simple question, research is successful when we find answers. Sometimes the answer is no, but it is still an answer. QUESTIONS are central to research. If there is no question, then the answer is of no use. Research is focused on relevant, useful, and important questions. Without a question, research has no focus, drive, or purpose. RESEARCH METHODS The research methodology defines what constitutes a research activity. It utilizes or is applicable to a model, and therefore sp ecifies concepts and related statements.The methodology identifies what methods to apply, how to measure progress and what constitutes success. It also specifies how to communicate about an area of research activity. TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODS 1. Historical-Qualitative – it is the systematic and objective location, evaluation and synthesis of evidence in order to establish facts and draw conclusions about past events. 2. Comparative-Qualitative – often used together with historical research to compare people’s experience of different societies, either between times in the past or in parallel situations in the present. It is conducted at a macro level or at a micro level. 3.Descriptive-Qualitative (Ethnography/Case Study) – this is a detailed description of specific situations using interviews, observations, document review. There is a description of things as they are. This works best for questions like How do people implement a program? What challenges do people face? What are the people’s perceptions? 4. Descriptive-Quantitative – This is a numerical description like frequency and average. We measure things as they are. Questions for this include How many people are participating in the program? What are the characteristics of the people in this program? How well did participants in this program do? . Correlational/Regression Analyses – It is a quantitative analysis of the strength of relationships between two or more variables 6. Quasi-Experimental – It involves the comparing of a group that gets a particular intervention with another group that is similar in characteristics but did not receive the intervention. 7. Experimental – this is the use of random assignment to assign participants to an experimental or treatment group and a control or comparison group. 8. Meta-analysis – This is a synthesis of results from multiple studies to determine the average impact of a similar intervention a cross studies 9.Evaluation – this is a descriptive type of research designed to deal with complex social issues. The outcomes do not represent â€Å"how things are† or â€Å"how they work†, rather they represent meaningful constructions which groups create to make sense of situations they find themselves in. evaluation should be action oriented, defines a course which can be practically followed and usually requires negotiation. 10. Action-oriented research – similar to experimental research although carried out in the real world ather than in the context of a closed experimental system – it involves small scale interventions in the functioning of the real world and a close examination of the effects of such an intervention. This is a practical form of research, aimed at a specific problem and situation and with little or no control over independent variables. 11. Ethnogenic – the aim of this research method is to represent a view of the wor ld as it is structures by the participants under observation by eliciting phenomenological data and this takes place in undisturbed natural settings of the subjects. LITERATURE REVIEWLiterature Review is an analysis of prior academic research so as to identify the who, what, where, and whys’ of the chosen topic area. It is a critical, analytical summary and synthesis of the current knowledge of a topic. Thus it should compare and relate different theories, findings, etc, rather than just summarize them individually. In addition, it should have a particular focus or theme to organize the review. It does not have to be an exhaustive account of everything published on the topic, but it should discuss all the significant academic literature important for that focus.TYPES OF LITERATURE REVIEW Traditional or Narrative literature Review * Critiques and summarizes a body of literature * Draws conclusions about the topic * Identifies gaps or inconsistencies in a body of knowledge * Re quires a sufficiently focused research question Weaknesses: * A large number of studies may make it difficult to draw conclusions * The process is subject to bias that supports the researchers own work. Systematic Literature Review * More rigorous and well-defined approach * Comprehensive Published and unpublished studies relating to a particular subject area * Details the time frame within which the literature was selected * Details the methods used to evaluate and synthesize findings of the studies in question SAMPLING Researchers use samples as a way to gather data in cases where it is almost impossible to gather the entire population as respondents. Moreover, if it is deemed too costly and too time consuming to include the entire populaiton, sampling is also necessary. A sample is a subset of the population being studied.It represents the larger population and is used to draw inferences about that population. It is a research technique widely used in the social sciences as a way to gather information about a population without having to measure the entire population. There are several different types and ways of choosing a sample from a population, from simple to complex. Non-probability Sampling Techniques Non-probability sampling is a sampling technique where the samples are gathered in a process that does not give all the individuals in the population equal chances of being selected.Reliance On Available Subjects. Relying on available subjects, such as stopping people on a street corner as they pass by, is one method of sampling, although it is extremely risky and comes with many cautions. This method, sometimes referred to as a convenience sample, does not allow the researcher to have any control over the representativeness of the sample. It is only justified if the researcher wants to study the characteristics of people passing by the street corner at a certain point in time or if other sampling methods are not possible.The researcher must also take c aution to not use results from a convenience sample to generalize to a wider population. Purposive or Judgmental Sample. A purposive, or judgmental, sample is one that is selected based on the knowledge of a population and the purpose of the study. For example, if a researcher is studying the nature of school spirit as exhibited at a school pep rally, he or she might interview people who did not appear to be caught up in the emotions of the crowd or students who did not attend the rally at all.In this case, the researcher is using a purposive sample because those being interviewed fit a specific purpose or description. Snowball Sample. A snowball sample is appropriate to use in research when the members of a population are difficult to locate, such as homeless individuals, migrant workers, or undocumented immigrants. A snowball sample is one in which the researcher collects data on the few members of the target population he or she can locate, then asks those individuals to provide information needed to locate other members of that population whom they know.For example, if a researcher wishes to interview undocumented immigrants from Mexico, he or she might interview a few undocumented individuals that he or she knows or can locate and would then rely on those subjects to help locate more undocumented individuals. This process continues until the researcher has all the interviews he or she needs or until all contacts have been exhausted. Quota Sample. A quota sample is one in which units are selected into a sample on the basis of pre-specified characteristics so that the total sample has the same distribution of characteristics assumed to exist in the population being studied.For example, if you a researcher conducting a national quota sample, you might need to know what proportion of the population is male and what proportion is female as well as what proportions of each gender fall into different age categories, race or ethnic categories, educational categor ies, etc. The researcher would then collect a sample with the same proportions as the national population. Probability Sampling Techniques Probability sampling is a sampling technique where the samples are gathered in a process that gives all the individuals in the population equal chances of being selected. Simple Random Sample.The simple random sample is the basic sampling method assumed in statistical methods and computations. To collect a simple random sample, each unit of the target population is assigned a number. A set of random numbers is then generated and the units having those numbers are included in the sample. For example, let’s say you have a population of 1,000 people and you wish to choose a simple random sample of 50 people. First, each person is numbered 1 through 1,000. Then, you generate a list of 50 random numbers (typically with a computer program) and those individuals assigned those numbers are the ones you include in the sample.Systematic Sample. In a systematic sample, the elements of the population are put into a list and then every kth element in the list is chosen (systematically) for inclusion in the sample. For example, if the population of study contained 2,000 students at a high school and the researcher wanted a sample of 100 students, the students would be put into list form and then every 20th student would be selected for inclusion in the sample. To ensure against any possible human bias in this method, the researcher should select the first individual at random. This is technically called a systematic sample with a random start.Stratified Sample. A stratified sample is a sampling technique in which the researcher divided the entire target population into different subgroups, or strata, and then randomly selects the final subjects proportionally from the different strata. This type of sampling is used when the researcher wants to highlight specific subgroups within the population. For example, to obtain a stratified sample of university students, the researcher would first organize the population by college class and then select appropriate numbers of freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors.This ensures that the researcher has adequate amounts of subjects from each class in the final sample. Cluster Sample. Cluster sampling may be used when it is either impossible or impractical to compile an exhaustive list of the elements that make up the target population. Usually, however, the population elements are already grouped into subpopulations and lists of those subpopulations already exist or can be created. For example, let’s say the target population in a study was church members in the United States. There is no list of all church members in the country.The researcher could, however, create a list of churches in the United States, choose a sample of churches, and then obtain lists of members from those churches. References Babbie, E. (2001). The Practice of Social Research: 9th Editio n. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Thomson. SLOVIN’S FORMULA When to Use Slovins Formula * If a sample is taken from a population, a formula must be used to take into account confidence levels and margins of error. When taking statistical samples, sometimes a lot is known about a population, sometimes a little and sometimes nothing at all.For example, we may know that a population is normally distributed (e. g. , for heights, weights or IQs), we may know that there is a bimodal distribution (as often happens with class grades in mathematics classes) or we may have no idea about how a population is going to behave (such as polling college students to get their opinions about quality of student life). Slovins formula is used when nothing about the behavior of a population is known at all. How to Use Slovins Formula * Slovins formula is written as: n = N / (1 + Ne^2) n = Number of samples N = Total population e = Error toleranceTo use the formula, first figure out what you want your erro r of tolerance to be. For example, you may be happy with a confidence level of 95 percent (giving a margin error of 0. 05), or you may require a tighter accuracy of a 98 percent confidence level (a margin of error of 0. 02). Plug your population size and required margin of error into the formula. The result will be the number of samples you need to take. For example, suppose that you have a group of 1,000 city government employees and you want to survey them to find out which tools are best suited to their jobs. You decide that you are happy with a margin of error of 0. 5. Using Slovins formula, you would be required to survey n = N / (1 + Ne^2) people: 1,000 / (1 + 1000 * 0. 05 * 0. 05) = 286 PLAGIARISM According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, to plagiarize means * to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as ones own * to use (anothers production) without crediting the source * to commit literary theft * to present as new and original an idea or product deri ved from an existing source In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves both stealing someone elses work and lying about it afterward Examples of plagiarism: turning in someone elses work as your own * copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit * failing to put a quotation in quotation marks * giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation * changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit * copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not Belen, Other than these, review mo din ung statement of the problem mo, conceptual framework, paradigm at methodology dun sa pinasa mong research proposal before. Im sure itatanong un sa u.

The Hospital Window Essays - James Dickey, Elevator, Wick Burns

The Hospital Window Essays - James Dickey, Elevator, Wick Burns The Hospital Window The death of a loved one can put unimaginable stress on the loved ones of the deceased. This stress can make one's life chaotic and unpleasant for long periods of time if the mourners do not underezd the death. James Dickey, who believes, "poetry is the center of the creative wheel," wrote the poem, "The Hospital Window". The relationship between mourners and death becomes apparent in this "simple 54-line poem . . . about a parent's dying as a transformative experience, and the possibility that love conquers fear." The poem takes place on a city street adjacent to a large hospital. In "The Hospital Window", Dickey uses images which represent life and death to demonstrate that the death of a loved one can make one enter a surrealistic state, in which everyday occurrences appear to be heavenly; however, if one can overcome the death by underezding it, he can then return to a peaceful life. In the beginning of the poem, the images which distinguish life and death show that the speaker perceives normal events as spiritual after leaving his father's hospital room. Dickey's persona enters this state when he is on the hospital elevator. As the elevator brings him down to ground level, he remembers his father lying in his room above "in a blue light."(3) According to Gertrude Jobes, the color blue represents heaven and God. Therefore, its shining down on the speaker's father represents God's presence with his father. For any other observer, the light is obviously "shed by a tinted window,"(4) but the speaker's state of mind leads him to believe that the light shines from heaven. Once outside, the speaker turns to face the hospital. As he turns, he sees that "[each] window possesses the sun / As though it burned there on a wick."(13) To Jobes, the sun represents life. A candle wick burns for only a certain period of time, and then dies out. Therefore, the speaker believes that the reflection of the sun in the windows is actually his father's life. When the speaker reaches out to the sun, and "[waves], like a man catching fire,"(15) he tries to grab his father's life back. At that moment, the glare from the sun reflects in a certain way, making "all the deep-dyed windowpanes flash."(16) This flash, in the speaker's mind, is God reaching out for the father's soul. Also, the flash mocks the speaker's attempts at grabbing his father's life from the grips of death. Furthermore, the speaker visualizes God's presence by "all the white rooms / [turning] the color of Heaven."(18) To the speaker, the heavenly white color of the rooms represents purity and innocence, as described in Jobes, while others see merely white rooms. As the speaker studies the windows, he sees that all reflect "flames"(21), or the candles of the living still burning. It is then he realizes that his father's window is different. It reflects "the bright, erased blankness of nothing."(23) The flickering light visible in all of the other rooms is not visible in his father's room because he is dead. Once the speaker realizes his father is dead, he can start to overcome the death. In the middle of the poem, images representing life and death show how the speaker overcomes his father's death. After experiencing the madness of death, the speaker transitions from not believing in the death to realizing that his father is leaving him. First, the speaker realizes that his father's body remains in his room "[in] the shape of his death still living"(25). Death still living represents the father's dead body, with the soul still alive within. This thought causes a madness within the speaker because he realizes that his father's soul, oreverything he was, may remain within the corpse forever. Eventually, his father's soul "lifts [its] arms out of stillness at last"(31), causing the speaker to realize that his father's soul is leaving the body. The speaker "[turns] as blue as a soul / As the moment when I was born"(33-34) from the realization that his father will live on with him forever. This realization holds true because his father gave him life, so therefore his father will live on in his life. Additionally, the speaker

Explain monohybrid inheritance including co-dominance Assignment

Explain monohybrid inheritance including co-dominance - Assignment Example Because plant and animal chromosomes exist in matching pairs in each cell’s nucleus, there will often be two genes for a particular characteristic in a cell. Where the same allele appears twice, then the organism is referred to as homozygous for this particular characteristic. However, in cases where one chromosome has one allele contrasting from the allele in the other chromosome, then the organism is referred to as heterozygous for that particular characteristic. In heterozygous organisms, the organism’s (phenotype) appearance may be determined by a single allele and not the other allele. This allele that determines this particular phenotype is referred to as dominantly expressed allele, however, the expression of the other allele is said to be recessive (Campbell, 2006). In general foundations, monohybrid cross are applied in determining F2 generation from homozygous pair of grandparents (one grandparent recessive, the other dominant). This leads to an heterozygous F1 generation. However, crossing two parents who are heterozygous from F1 generation results into F2 generation producing 75% chance for the dominant phenotype appearance, from which two thirds are particularly heterozygous, and 25% chance for recessive phenotype appearance. This form of cross was initially used by Gregor Mendel who did an experiment on two plants and obtained a variety of hybrid; he discovered the possible changes in the allele phenotypes (Campbell, 2006). On the other hand, co-dominance is when the genes (alleles) are only expressed in an individual. Blood groups are a good example. Blood groups B and A are totally dominant to blood group O, but they are co-dominant to each other. In co-dominance, a single gene entails more than just one allele. Therefore a heterozygous individual for twp co-dominant alleles expresses the phenotypes that are associated with both alleles. That is to say, a situation where two distinct alleles for a particular gene